How to Interpret an ABG

How to Interpret an ABG Arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) This involves sampling blood from an artery to work out the arterial PO2 and PCO2, as well as the pH and HCO3-. It is used in various situations e.g., hypoxia, exacerbations of respiratory conditions and...

HbA1c and TFTs

HbA1c and TFTs HbA1c This is a measure of the glycosylated haemoglobin in the bloodstream. HbA1c is proportional to the glucose concentration in the blood. It is used to measure the three-month average blood sugar level. It is used to measure glycaemic control in...

Urea and Electrolytes (U&Es)

Urea and Electrolytes (U&Es) This blood test is the simplest biochemical measure of assessing renal function. By looking at the plasma concentration of creatinine and urea, this allows you to estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to see if the kidneys are...

Liver Function Tests (LFTs)

Liver Function Tests (LFTs) This refers to a set a blood tests which measures the level of enzymes found in the liver, which indicates functionality. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) AST is found in tissues including liver, heart, muscle, kidney and brain. It gets...

Cardiac Arrests

Cardiac Arrest This is an abrupt loss of heart function which results in having no effective cardiac output. The most common cause of cardiac arrest is ischaemic heart disease. Without an effective cardiac output, this reduces perfusion to critical tissues like the...

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