Check out my notes on investigations you need to know as a junior doctor, including Chest X-rays, CT heads, blood tests and more. Just click on a topic to start learning today.
Have a look through my collection of clinical examination summaries to help you ace your medical school OSCEs. And what’s more, they are completely free! Just click on a topic to start learning today.
Learning the pharmacology is one of the hardest parts of medical school. Check out my notes on pharmacology – click on each topic to learn about mechanisms of action, uses and side effects of each drug class.
Dopaminergic Enhancers This group of drugs boost dopaminergic (and cholinergic transmission) within the brain. They are classically used to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD), characterised by dopaminergic neurone loss in the substantia nigra. Treatment for PD...
Anti-Epileptic Drugs Na+ channel antagonists These agents block sodium channels in the CNS by binding and prolonging the inactivated state of channel. Their action is use-dependent, so they are more active during seizures characterised by excessive neural activity....
Anaesthetics Anaesthesia is a controlled temporary loss of awareness, with varying degrees of pain relief (analgesia), loss of memory (amnesia) and muscle paralysis. General anaesthesia: this is believed to potentiate GABAA receptors and K+ channels and inhibit...
GABA Drugs GABA is made from glutamate using an enzyme that is only found in GABA neurones. It binds GABA(A) receptors which are ionotropic and permeable to Cl- ions which hyperpolarizes neurones It also binds to GABA(B) receptors, which are metabotropic and Gi...
Autonomic System Drugs Nicotinic Agents Nicotinic receptors are present both at the autonomic ganglia and at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). NMJ blockers (muscle relaxants) are either non-depolarising, which work by directly blocking the receptor or depolarising,...
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